Joseph Contrads Heart of Darkness :: essays research papers

“The Horror! The Horror!'; Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness'; is not just a suspenseful tale of a man’s journey to one of the Earth’s few remaining frontiers, the African Congo; it is a psychological insight into the true pits of the human mind, in search of the true “heart of darkness';, which resides not geographically, but is a part of all of us, living under the restraints of society and civilization. Conrad explores the idea that under the taboos and societal mandates, there is a potential for actions and beliefs that are shocking to the common individual. Yet, if a man is released to do as he wills, without society to judge him, he can cross into a state-of-being that we consider primal and non-human. Without civilization, one would become an agent free to do whatever he chooses, and will do it willingly. Conrad demonstrates and hints at this conclusion using several literary devices, ranging from symbolism to the subtle changes in Marlowe, the narrator, that represent his growing distance from civilization and reality. The strongest device and example of this phenomenon is the transformation of Mr. Kurtz, the director of the Inner Station. In this essay, I will explain and analyze Kurtz’s “de-humanity';, and how effective it is in achieving Conrad’s goal. This “deconstruction'; of Kurtz culminates with his utterance of the phrase, “The horror! The horror!';, as he lay dying. Yet, first we must explain what Kurtz was before he stepped over the edge. From the moment Marlowe arrives on the coast of Africa, he hears tales of an incredible man, who runs a trading post deep in the Congo. The accountant at the first station said, “He [Kurtz] is a remarkable person.... Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together....'; (Conrad 33-34) The bricklayer at the second station calls Kurtz an “universal genius'; (43). Marlowe himself tells us that Kurtz is an educated man, who had originally been commissioned to bring civilization and light into this, one of the darkest and vilest places on the Earth. Furthermore, the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs has asked to Kurtz to submit a report, for the future reference of the Society. Marlowe, himself, has reads the report and refers to it as a “beautiful piece of writing';; yet, through Kurtz’s rhetoric on how the superior white man has a responsibility to civilize and help the primitive natives, the report ends with a phrase scrawled in unsteady handwriting and it reads, “Exterminate all the brutes!'; (66) The last entry into his report gives a hint at what has become to the “remarkable'; Mr.

Levels of the Managerial Communication Process Essay

Becoming a first time manager is an excellent goal and a great marker in a successful career. However it can also be a daunting task without a few tips to ease you into you new responsibilities. With careful observation, planning and a few pieces of advice, a good manager can become great manager. An important trait many great leaders have is being able to successfully communicate any message to a wide variety of people. They also have the ability to transcend work groups, culture, situations and subject.. Being able to relate to different direct reports is key to opening a two way channel of communication with a group. One of the first layers in successful communication is establishing an environment and culture that encourages it. Allowing open communication amongst each other fosters a cohesive and united environment. A good way a manager can reinforce that notion, would be to serve as the example. Walk around and meet with everyone in the group. This allows the manager to be accessible to everyone and in turn the manager can get to know the members of his or her group. Another suggestion would be to establish an open door policy. This will allow the flexibility to hold short meetings informally and encourage the flow of communication with each other. A good way to get to know the group better would be to setup a meeting with each individual. This allows a manager to get a back story on each group member, establish preferences in communication and find out if any cultural differences exist. This can also establish trust between a manager and an employee. Scheduling this meeting either bi-weekly or monthly allows the channel of communication between manager and subordinate to remain open. If at all possible, an important element in establishing an open environment is to physically setup the office in a way that allows for easy communication with each other. Having conference rooms available allows for group meetings and also provides private areas if discussions are of a confidential nature. If allowed, take into consideration the furniture used in the group’s space. Tailor the furniture and office designs to your group’s needs. If possible, equip rooms with teleconference equipment which allows for a virtual face-to-face with others in remote office either across the street or across the country. A second layer of successful communication is the interaction of sender to receiver. When speaking to groups or individuals, a manager should always maintain a steady emotion. Employees can easily misinterpret the mood or  content of the message if a manager is either too happy or too sad. A good sense of humor can bring comfort or levity to a group or situation, however caution should be used. A joke or comment can be misinterpreted easily depending on the audience. A good rule of thumb would be to err on the side of caution until the manager gets to know the group thoroughly. Allowing for questions during or at the end of your message encourages two way communication. This allows the audience the freedom to ask for clarification if something isn’t understood and also provides a venue for discussion. Possible issues can be resolved when more than one point of view are presented. A manager should also make themselves available after a meeting in case any questions comes up that did not want to be asked in a group setting or is of a confidential nature. The third layer of successful communication involves four elements that affect each other. Content (what is said), Channel (How it’s said), Environment (Where it’s said) and Time (When it’s said). It is important to tailor the content of your message to your audience. The following are short questions that a manager can ask themselves about each element: Content What is the message about? Who is the audience? What is the tone of the message? Do you thoroughly know the subject matter? What level of detail should the message include? Channel What channels are available? (ex. voicemail, email, public or private meeting)? Will the contents of the message be fully understood using the channel chosen? Will the channel help or hurt if the message has a deadline? Is the channel chosen appropriate for the urgency level of the message? Is the channel chosen appropriate for the tone of the message? Environment What locations or venues are available? Is the venue/location chosen appropriate for the message given? (ex. Technically capable) What setting is fitting for your message (ex. Formal or informal)? Who is the audience? How large is the audience? What is the confidentiality of the message? Time How urgent is the message? When is the best time to deliver this message? Does the message follow a timeline or deadline? How long should the message take? Along with these factors to follow, there are some errors to avoid. Focus your message strictly on facts to stay true to the message at hand and avoid â€Å"spinning† a message with opinions. Opinions are fine to state when and if asked by the audience, however a message spun on opinion will be evident quickly and can easily lose or disrupt an audience. Do not present the message in a manner that is not subject to change. Messages, like situations, can change at any given moment and may require some clarification. Always prepare with a contingency plan to follow-up with changes if needed. Having prior knowledge of the subject matter will minimize any confusion when presenting the message and will better equip the manager in the event of any questions asked. The intent of the message can be greatly lost if the presenter looks uncomfortable or lost during the presentation. If at all possible, have someone with knowledge of the subject matter review any notes that will be used, or have them available for any follow-up questions afterwards. When it comes to communicating effectively, there is no â€Å"one size, fits all† approach to any message. Each communication instance requires a thorough analysis of all the factors provided and presented accordingly to the audience. Mastering these tips will help on the road to managerial success. Works Cited Hynes, Geraldine. Managerial Communication. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. Myatt, Mike. â€Å"10 Communication Secrets of Great Leaders.† Forbes (2012): 12/6/2012 http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2012/04/04/10-communication-secrets-of-great-leaders/.

How to Write a Legislative Bill

How to Write a Legislative Bill Have you ever had the urge to want to change someone’s perspective? Did you ever think you could make a difference? Were you aware that even students between the ages of eleven to twenty create bills that can become laws? According to the 2012 Youth in Government Student Manuel, more than 100 current West Virginia laws were first considered in the Youth in Government (YG) program. So, how are bills created? Step 1- Choose a bill topic.The most important part of writing a Legislative bill is choosing a comfortable topic that you can relate to or make your own, as well as making it personal or influential to others too. Step 2- Search for a topic that will improve the state. Be creative and original; do not repeatedly write a bill someone else has already tried and failed in the previous years. Step 3- Prepare a preliminary draft of the bill. A. Search the library and internet for resources and materials to support your bill. Seek out authorities and ask their views and opinions of your bill.Authorities can include representatives from Public Health, Education, Government, Law Enforcement, Economic Development, Business, Labor, Community Organizations, and Faith Groups, Etc. B. Weigh your proposed bill against the Constitution, using both State and Federal standards and consult with practiced law professionals, such as a lawyer or judge. C. State-oriented legislation must be within the constitutional authority of the State Government†¦ not Federal Government. D. Select a section of the state code where your proposed bill â€Å"fits. † Cite or (write) that section number in the Preamble of your bill.Step 4- Ask peers or others to critique the bill to highlight arguments both for and against, as well as make suggestions for improvement. Step 5- Draft your bill in its correct format. Bills are typed as received, so make sure there are no grammatical errors; check your spelling, sentence structure, and code citations for correctness. Step 6- Research the bill topic for presentations to the Committee, Legislature, Lobbyists, the Governor and his or her Cabinet. Step 7- Now, your bill is ready for submission. Be sure to meet the proper deadline.Never attempt to write a last minute bill, so you can make sure you feel confident and completely prepared when presenting. When deciding on a topic for your bill, you want to make it your own, and not what someone else created. People have similar ideas for bills, but may not have the proper wording; therefore, their bills are often voted down. Anyone can make a difference; you just have to be willing to go the extra mile to make it happen. I surely enjoyed the experience of stepping out from my comfort zone to participate in the amazing learning process of writing a Legislative Bill.

A bodyguard of lies Essay Example

A bodyguard of lies Essay Example A bodyguard of lies Essay A bodyguard of lies Essay History has not only been mistaken, but has been an outright lie multiple times. One such example would be the way children are taught in school about Christopher Columbus. Undoubtedly one of the most influential men in history was not as we have heard a great man but rather a terrorist with inhumane ways of dealing with the indigenous Americans. A man who never discovered the earth was round. That discovery had been made roughly 2,000 years previous by another man name Pythagoras. Another lie is the idea that Europe has invented all of the mathematical formulas of our world. Historians continue to discover that more often then not mathematical advances have almost always appeared faster in the Middle East then they have in Europe In mathematics, Pascals triangle is a geometric arrangement of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. It is named after Blaise Pascal in much of the western world, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in India, Persia, China, and Italy. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle) Other such incidents throughout United States history point to an inept government lieing and skewing real historical facts for political gain, The U. S. government has a long history of lying in order to win public approval for its wars: On February 15, 1898, an explosion ripped through the USS Maine anchored off Spanish-controlled Cuba, killing 268. Though an inquiry was unable to determine the cause of the explosion, the U. S. press conducted a hysterical campaign to blame Spain. The campaign helped win public support for the Spanish-American War in which the U. S. seized control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam and the Philippines, launching itself as a world power( http://socialistworker.org/2002-2/427/427_07_HistoryOfLies. shtml) On February 15, 1898, at 9:40 p. m. the Maine sank in Havana Harbor after an explosion, resulting in the deaths of 266 men. The Spanish attributed the event to an internal explosion; but an American inquiry reported that it was caused by a mine (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spanish-American_War#USS_Maine). Even one of the most famous wartime leaders Winston Churchill was quoted saying that In wartime, tr uth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies. Based on someone who was as competent as Winston was it would be apparent that some sort of skewing of the facts has happened some where along the line with all major historical stories. There is more then one side of any given story and more often then not the truth is found somewhere in-between. While reading a book like A Peoples History of the United States (Howard Zinn) it is easy to see that there are two contradicting points of view in history during the industrial revolution. We are told that this is a time when child labor laws are beginning to crop up. We are not told of the vast magnitude of the problem. We can not even imagine the enormity of the situation that the American people where dealing with at the time. Yet the industrial revolution is seen as a very positive time for everyone in the United States due to our advancement in technology according to the more moderate and traditionalist point of view. So just as in science a vast accumulation of facts really proves nothing. Just because you have thirty ways in science to prove something right does not always make it so. It might be right under those thirty different circumstances but it only takes one way to prove it wrong to make it an incorrect theory. So in history you can see it is not just an assortment of facts that make it strong or believable. It is an assortment of facts that are from many different varied sources often from different sides of the line that make it a coherent and accurate description of what happened. In other words you might say that you dont just build a house with studs, but also with nails, shingles, and pipes.

Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group

Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group Introduction Leadership is an important aspect of an organisation that will always have a direct impact on the success in achieving its objectives. The world is very competitive and for firms to manage this competition there is a need to have a leadership structure that is conscious of the dynamic factors of the environment. It is through proper leadership that a firm can embrace the changing environmental factors and is able to meet the changing market demands.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms that are successful in the market today owe their success to adequate leadership. Richard Branson is one of the leaders in the contemporary world that has come out strongly as a transformational leader with the capacity to inspire the employees to achieve the best results. The Virgin Group of companies under the Virgin Foundation is one of the la rgest companies in the world. According to Fey (2012, p. 72), this company has grown from a small firm that was selling articles to a college, to a multinational company trading in various countries around the world. This firm has been able to venture into various industries with a lot of success. This is attributed to the leadership style of Richard Branson and his team of management. Sir Richard Branson has worked closely with his team of employees to ensure that this firm increases its scope of market and its profitability. The Virgin Group is one of the best brands in the world. According to Cutcher (2007, p. 241), Virgin Group has been used in many case studies as a success story around the world. It is one of the firms that have experienced consistent rise, from a small firm that did not get attention of members of the society, to a large firm that plays a very important role in boosting the economy of the United Kingdom. The success of this firm, as Budhwar (2006, p. 510) say s, is attributed to the management style that the leader applies in managing operations of the business. This research will focus on how transformational leadership is used in Virgin Group and how it has helped the firm to become successful in the market. Management Style Used by Richard Branson Sir Richard Branson is a strong supporter of individualized attention to every employee. According to Baruch (2008, p. 430), transformational leadership encourages the approach of management where the manager gives direct attention to each employee within the firm. This means that the manager would avoid cases where a decision is made on a generalised term. Every employee has unique qualities that make him or her different from others. This uniqueness of the individuals makes it necessary for the management to ensure that every employee is understood perfectly within the organisation. All the employees of this firm who are in the managerial positions have at one moment or another met Richard Branson in person (Guesa 2010, p. 510). In such meetings, he would engage the employee in a dialogue with the sole purpose of gathering any information that may be relevant in understanding that person.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He would then ensure that such an individual is given attention based on his or her unique characters. This is what he would insist should be transferred to all the junior employees whom he cannot reach directly. This is part of total quality management technique used by this management. The diagram below explains this. Figure 1: Total Quality Management Used at Virgin Group Source: Baruch (2008, p. 430) Transformational Leadership in Organisations Pielstick (2005, p. 75) defines leadership as a process where an individual (a leader) offers guidance to a group of individuals (followers) in an organisational structure. Leadership is one of the most important factors in any organisation. Leadership and management share a number of attributes, but they differ in various fronts. Transformational leadership is defined by Yukl (2010, p. 117) as a type of leadership that uses motivation to enhance the performance of employees. Transformational leadership, as the name suggests, provides a completely new path to approaching various issues in an organisation. It provides the employees with an insight. One of the main aims of a transformational leader is to create a completely new approach in managing various issues within the organisation. This is what the current world demands of a firm. Emerging technologies are changing various approaches of management. The emerging trends need new approaches that can be used to provide a way in which they can be managed differently. This is what the management of the Virgin Group has been practising.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadersh ip at Virgin Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transformational leadership attempts to make employees discover themselves. According to Hacker and Tammy (2004, p. 46), a transformational leader will always make followers realise that they have untapped capacity which they can exploit to get better results in every activity they are doing. Unlike management, leadership takes the front line in bringing a change that is needed. It involves making the followers realise that they are a part of the change. It makes employees own the whole process. They feel that some changes that are proposed are a part of them and are meant to make their work easier. This way, they develop the responsibility to ensure that these changes are accomplished successfully and within the specified time. Such leadership will evoke desires on the followers to see to it that specific desires are achieved within the specified time. It is an art of tying the objectives of a firm to those of employees. Nature and Relevance of Transformational Leadership in Organisations Transformational leadership has some characteristics that make it unique among other forms of leadership. Transformational leadership cherishes authenticity. It encourages followers to act as natural as possible. People who act naturally always tend to give their best. Passion is another major characteristic of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders must be passionate about every action they take. This way, it becomes possible for the followers to take this characteristic from the leaders. Followers will develop passion when they realise that their leader has passion in his or her actions. Transformational leadership should also embrace creativity. Creativity is crucial in the contemporary world. Leaders must be able to solve problems in a creative manner (Pardey 2007, p. 78). They have to encourage the culture of creativity in their employees. This way, their organis ation will be able to be creative in the market. Richard Branson has always cherished these factors in his leadership. Transformational leaders always have self-awareness. They understand what they stand for and are able to express this feeling to the followers. This way, it would be easy to avoid cases where a leader issues instruction which he or she can change abruptly without a clear explanation for the same. Transformational leaders always have interpersonal intelligence. This is important to help bring people of different social backgrounds together. Organisation brings together individuals from different backgrounds. It would require interpersonal intelligence to make these people reason in the same line and work as a unit towards achieving specific objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In managing organisations today, Conger (2006, p. 39) says that integrity is also of utmost importance. A transformational leader always has integrity. It is important to note that transformational leadership aims at bringing a completely new approach of doing various activities in a better way. Integrity will be one of the main ingredients in that leadership. It will be possible to tell others to maintain integrity only if the leaders show the same in their actions. A transformational leader must also develop clarity of purpose. The leader must be sure of what he or she wants from the followers and from the leaders. According to Biswas (2011, p. 27), having a clear sense of purpose on what one does makes it possible to measure the level of success of an individual. This way, it becomes easy for such a leader to determine the rate at which objectives of the firm are being achieved. Finally, such a leader always has global awareness of various factors in the environment. When the lea der is managing a large multinational organisation, understanding factors in the immediate environment may not make one formulate policies that can benefit all the branches of the firm. Such a leader must have global awareness of various environmental factors in order to transform employees and the firm in general towards desired direction. Besides the above characteristics, transformational leadership has four main elements that help in making it unique in the market. The four are discussed below. Evaluation of the Behaviour of Leaders in the Selected Organisation Richard Branson has demonstrated capacity of a leader in his Virgin Foundation. Being a brilliant entrepreneur, Branson has managed to grow the Virgin Empire to capture various industries around the world. He has demonstrated leadership capacity that is beyond reproach. According to Bustin (2004, p. 67), Branson believes that the strength of the firm is bestowed in the employees. He has therefore maintained a cordial rela tionship with the employees, always making them feel that they are appreciated within the organisation. One of the most important cultures he has developed within the organisation is trust in peers. Employees spend much of their time with fellow employees. They interact with their peers when doing different activities geared towards achieving specific goals for the firm. Employees should therefore develop positive attitude towards their peers in order to ensure that the internal working environment is peaceful. They should share innovative ideas amongst themselves and develop a working environment where each team member is a protector of others. Trust in peers refers to the extent to which workers in similar job positions would be willing to cooperate amongst themselves to accomplish certain tasks. In the organisation, it is understood that peers interact with their workmates as far as accomplishment of tasks is concerned. An employee would be tempted to work hard after realising th at his colleague is committed to realising certain goals (Kouzes Posner 2006, p. 56). For instance, peers choose certain models of performance once they notice that they have similar objectives. Trust in peers therefore refers to choosing appropriate models meant for achieving high results. This has helped Branson build a very strong Virgin Atlantic Empire. Branson has also been keen on encouraging participation at work amongst all the employees. The workplace requires participation of all members of the organisation. Employees should develop an attitude of collective participation at work. Branson has ensured that all cases of individualism are eliminated, and its place is a team spirit (Northouse 2010, p. 67). All the members of the organisation have been made to realise that they have a responsibility to participate in every activity that the organisation undertakes. To achieve this, Branson has ensured that there is clear separation of duties among various groups within the org anisation. Division of labor is important because it creates a sense of responsibility (Pielstick 2005, p. 120). Employees will feel that they have a role specifically meant for them. They will realise that their failure to achieve the goals set for them would lead to a loss for the entire firm. Employees would feel guilty of carrying the blame for a possible failure of the entire firm. They will make an effort to accomplish their tasks to avoid blame coming from their side. Richard Branson has been keen on guiding the behaviour of individuals, groups and teams within this organisation. According to a report by Conger (2006, p. 59), Branson has been keen on determining the behaviour of every single employee and team within the organisation. This scholar says that there is always a need to shape the behaviour of employees in order to ensure that they act within the expectations of the leader. To achieve this, Branson has created an organisational culture that is unique to this firm. Creating an organisational culture within the firm helps ensure that the behaviour of individuals or teams formed within the organisation can be predicted by the leader (Burns 2009, p. 113). A leader should be not be caught unaware by an action of an individual follower or a group of them because the leader is always expected to be on top of every situation within the organisation. Being able to predict the behaviour of the employees or teams gives the manager an upper hand in control it as would be desirable. At Virgin Group, Branson has been very keen on ensuring that employees embrace change. According to Rollinson (2005, p. 89), Branson is one of the contemporary managers who cherish change within their organisation. He has been keen on influencing employees’ readiness for change by making change part of the organisational culture of this company. The Impact of the Leadership Style on the Performance of the Firm The impact of the leadership style used by Richard Branson i n the Virgin Group is evident in the performance of this firm. According to Artur (2008, p. 680), the Virgin Group is one of the best performing firms globally. The group defied the massive economic recession that hit the United Kingdom and the rest of the world to register a growth (Jensen 2011, p.671). The firm is considered as one of the few firms with capacity to run in various industries with a considerable level of success. This may be attributed to the transformational leadership approach that Branson has employed in managing his employees. In order to understand the impact of this leadership style, SWOT analysis will be necessary to analyse its strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities it poses and some of the threats. According to Barney (2010 p. 99), transformational leadership is one of the best leadership theories that managers in the contemporary world should consider employing. One of the main strengths of this leadership structure is that it inspires employees to wo rk beyond their current capacity. The business world is increasingly getting competitive. There are various competitive forces in the market, which is always a threat to a firm that does not consider coming up with the strategies to manage them. Managing competitive forces would need a team of dedicated employees who have the capacity to meet the demands of the customers however dynamic they are (Marchington 2012, p. 285). The Virgin Group is one of the success stories in the transport industry. The Virgin Air is one of the biggest airplane firms in the world, capturing the markets in Europe, in North and South America, Asia and Africa among other continents. In the financial sector, this firm has been performing well given the strategy that it has employed in dealing with the customers. All these are because of the leadership structure applied by the top management unit of this firm. This leadership structure poses some opportunities for the prosperity of this firm in the market. I n this firm, Biswas (2011, p. 105) says, Branson has created an environment where every employee feels aggressive and determined to achieve better results each time. Branson has created an organisational culture where employees feel obliged to work even for extra time in order to reach for a specific target. Although the extra time worked would always be paid, the employees always have a stronger desire to see success in whatever they are doing, than to earn the extra income. They consider their work as of utmost importance, and thus would give it all the concentration that they possibly can (Pielstick 2005, p. 104). The result of this concerted effort is clearly evident in the kind of growth this firm has achieved. Employees of this firm remain the stronghold that has seen it through to its current glorious position. With Richard Branson still at the head of this firm, Virgin Group is destined to greater heights as the future is very bright. It is important to appreciate that this leadership theory has some weaknesses. One of the main weaknesses is that it assumes that every single employee would respond positively to the motivational factors directed to him or her. For this reason, this leadership strategy should be used alongside other theories as identified in the appendix shown below. Employees must realise that they are responsible for their acts of omission or commission, and that they are expected to deliver on their assignments. Similarly, this leadership strategy is prone to some threats in the environment. The theory emphasises the need to give employees some form of freedom within the firm, and that the information should always flow smoothly from the top office to the junior employees. However, some employees can be moles of competing firms. Giving them this freedom and allowing information to flow freely will be like allowing the competitors to have an easy way of accessing classified information about the firm. This may make it vulnerable to its competitors. Conclusion and Recommendations It is apparent from the above discussion that transformational leadership is very important in the current society in helping firms manage the market forces. The Virgin Group has been successful in the market because its management has embraced transformational leadership. This management has come to appreciate the power of having a team of motivated employees. For this reason, it has always focused on ensuring that employees remain motivated while working for this firm. The management has ensured that these employees are made to feel that they own Virgin Group rather than being employees of this firm. It is only through this that firms in the current competitive market can be successful. The management should be conscious of various forces in the environment which have a direct impact on the firm. These factors should be managed properly in order to ensure that they do not have negative consequences for the firm. In order to realise this , the following recommendations should be observed. The management should always ensure that its employees remain positively motivated within the firm. The leadership of the firm should always try to ensure that it embraces dynamism in line with the changing environmental factors. There should be a clear communication system within the organisation between the management and junior officers, among the employees and within the management. Every member of the organisation should understand his or her role within the firm and how this role is related to the role of other members of the firm. Appendix House’s Path Goal Theory According to Rollinson (2005, p. 79), â€Å"This theory has its basis on the premise that employees’ perception of expectancies between his effort and performance is heavily influenced by leader’s behavior.† According to this theory, four leadership styles are important in ensuring success within an organisation. The four include dire ctive nature of the leader, supportive leadership, participative leadership and result-oriented leadership. These behavioural leadership characteristics will influence employee behavioor and manage environmental factors in order to achieve leadership effectiveness. List of References Artur, J 2008, Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover, The academy of management journal, vol. 37, no. 3, p. 670-687. Barney, J 2010, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of management, vol. 17, no.1, pp. 99. Baruch, Y 2008, Response rate in academic studies-A comparative analysis, Human relations, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 421-438. Biswas, S 2011, Commitment, involvement, and satisfaction as predictors of employee performance, South Asian Journal of Management, vol. 18 no. 2, pp. 92-107. Budhwar, P 2006, Rethinking comparative and cross-national human resource management research, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 497-515. Burns, J 2009, Leadership in the Contemporary World, Harper Row, New York. Bustin, G 2004, Take Charge: How Leaders Profit From Change, Tapestry Press, Irving. Conger, J 2006, The Practice of Leadership: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders, Wiley, New York. Cutcher, G 2007, Impact on Economic Performance of a Transformation in Workplace Relations, Management Journal, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 241. Fey, C 2012, The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 59-75. Guesa, E 2010, Human resource management and industrial relations, Journal of management Studies, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 503-521. Hacker, S Tammy, R 2004, Transformational Leadership: Creating Organization of Meaning. Milwaukee, Quality Press, Wisconsin. Jensen, T 2011, The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance, Academy of management j ournal, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 635-672. Kouzes, J Posner, B 2006, The Leadership Challenge, Jossey-Bass, San Fransico. Marchington, M 2012, Involvement and participation, Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, vol. 7, no. 67, pp. 280-305. Northouse, P 2010, Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage, New York. Pardey, D 2007, Introducing leadership, Butterworth-Heinemann, New Jersey. Pielstick, D 2005, The Transforming Leader, a Meta-Ethnographic Analysis, The Community College Review, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 65-138. Rollinson, D 2005, Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach, Pitman, London. Yukl, G 2010, Leadership in Organisations, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Three Ways Social Shares Can Mean More Money For Writers

Three Ways Social Shares Can Mean More Money For Writers The statistical value of your work published online (social shares) matters more than ever. Pay attention to how your articles are socially redistributed, shared, and liked. Shivani Sharma, CEO of Firefly Creative Inc. stated in a  Software Advice  article for tech-savvy marketers and business owners  that businesses should look for  freelance writers who know how to write content  that engages the target audience. What does this mean for you as a freelancer? It means its time you leveraged those social shares, or the impact, of your articles to increase your future income. To get started, learn how to collect your social shares data: 1. Use spreadsheets Excel or Google Docs should work fine. In your spreadsheet, list your published articles in the first column, then assign a column for each social media share option, i.e. Facebook shares, likes, Twitter shares, LinkedIn likes, blog comments, Google + shares, and other platforms that show on the share buttons of the site youve published on. Update this document at least monthly. 2. Use Contently.com This free platform for writers can help you showcase a collection of your Now that you have your data, use the data to increase your income: 1. Ask for a raise from current clients Asking for a rate increase carries the risk of losing a client, but now that you have data to back up your demand, you can prove how your articles helped their site and more importantly, their business. For this particular purpose, you could track the articles youve written for that clients site alone and show how your influence becomes theirs. 2. Justify (or negotiate) your rates with potential clients Potential clients will haggle for lower rates. Next time you negotiate your rate, use your social shares data to show the impact of your work on websites and businesses youve already written for. You have the numbers to show your value, proof of what you accomplished for other websites which reflects on what you can do for the potential client. Show them youre a business investment instead of just a writing expense. 3. Attract better paying clients Lastly, use data to analyze which articles did well and why. Review the ones receiving the most engagement. What words did you use in your headline? Did you share personal stories or interview experts? Was the topic unique or controversial? Then pitch a guest post to medium or big sites, writing the post with the same style and tone you used in your most engaging articles. Just remember to follow the guidelines of the site youre guest posting on. The types of post that receive the most shares are almost the same as reported With social sharing we see the effect our words have on readers and use it to improve our craft. But it can also be our means to earning more income.

Network Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Network Analysis - Research Paper Example A machine consumes a power of 10 kW and a reactive power of 4 kvar at a current of (6 + j4)A. Determine the applied voltage, expressing your answer in complex form. Solution: Here as given, Average Power, P = 10 kW, Reactive Power, Q = 4 kvar, Current I = (6+j4) A Let S be the Apparent Power then we know that, Apparent Power S = Re{VI*} - Im{VI*} S = P - jQ, substituting the values of P & Q S = 10 10 ³ - j4 10 ³ S = (10 –j4) 10 ³ †¦. Eq. Since S = VI*... Eq. 2(2) Where V is the applied voltage and I* is the conjugate of I. As we know that if z = a + jb is a complex number then z* = a – jb Therefore, I* = 6 - j4 Now equating Eq. 1(2) & 2(2) and substituting the value of I* we have, V (6 - j4) = (10 – j4) 10 ³ V = (10 – j4) 10 ³/ (6 - j4) After rationalizing, V = (6 + j4)(10 – j4) 10 ³/ (6 ² + 4 ²) V = (76 + j16) 10 ³/ 52 V = (1.46 + j0.30) 10 ³ Network 5 Hence, V = 1.46 10 + j300 †¦. Eq. 3(2)Which is the applied voltage expressed in complex form. Solution: 3(a) Let is the applied voltage & be the resulting current through the given circuit then for complex impedance circuit is given as, = Expj †¦. Eq. 1(a3) Where . Let be the phase difference between voltage and current than current = Expj( + †¦. Eq. 2(a3) Since impedance in time domain is defined as, = †¦. Eq. 3(a3) From equations 1(a) & 2(a) we have, = as R=1 (given) = Or in polar form, †¦. Eq. 4(a3) Multiplying by 1 /to yield effective value we have, Z= or Z= 0.707†¦. Eq. 5(a3) Equation 5(a). is the required impedance in polar form. admittance is the reciprocal of impedance so, if Y is admittance then Y = 1/Z†¦. Eq.1(b3)... admittance Y=1/Z, or, Yeq=1/Zeq 1/Zeq=Yeq From Eq. 1(b1) Hence, Yeq=1/R+j(C -1/L) . Eq. 2(b1) Equation 2(b) gives the expression of admittance for RLC parallel circuit impedance. Network 4 2. A machine consumes a power of 10 kW and a reactive power of 4 kvar at a current of (6 + j4)A. Determine the applied voltage, expressing your answer in complex form. Solution: Here as given, Average Power, P = 10 kW, Reactive Power, Q = 4 kvar, Current I = (6+j4) A Let S be the Apparent Power then we know that, Apparent Power S = Re{VI*} - Im{VI*} S = P - jQ, substituting the values of P & Q S = 1010 - j410 S = (10 -j4) 10 . Eq. 1(2) Since S = VI* . Eq. 2(2) Where V is the applied voltage and I* is the conjugate of I. As we know that if z = a + jb is a complex number then z* = a - jb Therefore, I* = 6 - j4 Now equating Eq. 1(2) & 2(2) and substituting the value of I* we have, V (6 - j4) = (10 - j4) 10 V = (10 - j4) 10/ (6 - j4) After rationalizing, V = (6 + j4)(10 - j4) 10/ (6 + 4) V = (76 + j16) 10/ 52 V = (1.46 + j0.30) 10 Network 5 Hence, V = 1.4610 + j300 . Eq. 3(2) Which is the applied voltage expressed in complex form. Solution: 3(a) Let is the applied voltage & be the resulting current through the given circuit then for complex impedance circuit is given as, = Expj . Eq. 1(a3) Where. Let be the phase difference between voltage and current then